{"id":78295,"date":"2021-08-18T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T11:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jornalbeirario.com.br\/portal\/?p=78295"},"modified":"2021-08-17T17:21:04","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T20:21:04","slug":"no-dia-de-hoje-18-de-agosto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jornalbeirario.com.br\/portal\/?p=78295","title":{"rendered":"No Dia de Hoje – 18 de agosto"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Ap\u00f3s press\u00f5es da ONU e de v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses, COI suspendeu \u00c1frica do Sul dos jogos por 28 anos (Foto: Kim Kyung-Hoon\/Reuters)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No dia 18 de agosto de 1964, o regime racista de Apartheid, institucionalizado em 1948 na \u00c1frica do Sul, baniu o pa\u00eds por quase 30 anos do Jogos Ol\u00edmpicos pelo Comit\u00ea Ol\u00edmpico Internacional (COI). O afastamento prejudicou a carreira de muitos atletas sul-africanos, que gra\u00e7as \u00e0 puni\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o puderam disputar grandes competi\u00e7\u00f5es mundiais. Tr\u00eas anos antes da medida estabelecida pelo COI, o futebol do pa\u00eds j\u00e1 havia sido banido dos jogos internacionais pela FIFA.<\/p>\n

As pol\u00edticas de segrega\u00e7\u00e3o racial da \u00c1frica do Sul \u2014 o apartheid \u2014 geraram uma s\u00e9rie de press\u00f5es da comunidade internacional. Num primeiro momento, por\u00e9m, o COI n\u00e3o se envolveu e permitiu que os sul-africanos participassem dos Jogos Ol\u00edmpicos entre aquele ano e 1960. Apenas atletas brancos eram inscritos para as competi\u00e7\u00f5es. A press\u00e3o subiu em mar\u00e7o de 1960, com o assassinato de 69 manifestantes no massacre em Sharpeville.<\/p>\n

A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas (ONU), ent\u00e3o, adotou resolu\u00e7\u00f5es para dificultar as rela\u00e7\u00f5es dos pa\u00edses com o governo sul-africano enquanto durasse o apartheid. Essas primeiras press\u00f5es tiveram efeito limitado, mas foram suficientes para que o COI desse um ultimato ao Comit\u00ea Ol\u00edmpico Sul-Africano: ou eles se colocariam contr\u00e1rios \u00e0s pol\u00edticas de apartheid, que afetava tamb\u00e9m o esporte, ou estariam fora dos Jogos Ol\u00edmpicos de 1964.<\/p>\n

Durante 28 anos, os sul-africanos ficaram de fora das Olimp\u00edadas por se recusarem a abandonar o apartheid. O pa\u00eds s\u00f3 voltou a disputar em 1992, em Barcelona, depois de a pol\u00edtica de segrega\u00e7\u00e3o racial ter sido extinta no pa\u00eds. O sistema s\u00f3 foi oficialmente banido no in\u00edcio dos anos 1990, quando o presidente Frederik Willem de Klerk iniciou negocia\u00e7\u00f5es para acabar com o apartheid, o que culminou com a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de elei\u00e7\u00f5es multirraciais e democr\u00e1ticas em 1994, que foram vencidas pelo Congresso Nacional Africano, sob a lideran\u00e7a de Nelson Mandela.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Manifestantes pedem o fim do Apartheid, em 1985 (Foto: Paul Weinberg\/City Press)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O regime de segrega\u00e7\u00e3o racial foi implementado no pa\u00eds em 1948 pelo pastor protestante Daniel Fran\u00e7ois Malan \u2014 ent\u00e3o primeiro-ministro \u2014, e adotado at\u00e9 1994 pelos sucessivos governos do Partido Nacional, no qual os direitos da maioria dos habitantes foram cerceados pela minoria branca no poder. A segrega\u00e7\u00e3o racial na \u00c1frica do Sul teve in\u00edcio ainda no per\u00edodo colonial, mas o apartheid foi introduzido como pol\u00edtica oficial ap\u00f3s as elei\u00e7\u00f5es gerais de 1948.<\/p>\n

A nova legisla\u00e7\u00e3o dividia os habitantes em grupos raciais (“negros”, “brancos”, “de cor” e “indianos”), segregando as \u00e1reas residenciais, muitas vezes atrav\u00e9s de remo\u00e7\u00f5es for\u00e7adas. A partir de finais da d\u00e9cada de 1970, os negros foram privados de sua cidadania, tornando-se legalmente cidad\u00e3os de uma das dez p\u00e1trias tribais aut\u00f4nomas chamadas de bantust\u00f5es. Nessa altura, o governo j\u00e1 havia segregado a sa\u00fade, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o e outros servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos, fornecendo aos negros servi\u00e7os inferiores aos dos brancos.<\/p>\n

Fontes: Wikip\u00e9dia, History e Morena News<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No dia 18 de agosto de 1964, o regime racista de Apartheid, institucionalizado em 1948 na \u00c1frica do Sul, baniu o pa\u00eds por quase<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":78301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fatos-e-curiosidades","pmpro-has-access"],"yoast_head":"\nNo Dia de Hoje - 18 de agosto - JORNAL BEIRA RIO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jornalbeirario.com.br\/portal\/?p=78295\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No Dia de Hoje - 18 de agosto - JORNAL BEIRA RIO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"No dia 18 de agosto de 1964, o regime racista de Apartheid, institucionalizado em 1948 na \u00c1frica do Sul, baniu o pa\u00eds por quase\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jornalbeirario.com.br\/portal\/?p=78295\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JORNAL BEIRA RIO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-18T11:00:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jornalbeirario.com.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/manifestacao1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jornal BEIRA-RIO\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jornal BEIRA-RIO\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jornal BEIRA-RIO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c6c423e4c2465d2a9233f6539173e7c1\"},\"headline\":\"No Dia de Hoje – 18 de agosto\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-18T11:00:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/manifestacao1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Fatos e curiosidades\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jornalbeirario.com.br\\\/portal\\\/?p=78295\",\"name\":\"No Dia de Hoje - 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